Omega-3 EFAs switch off inflammatory genes, reduce risk
Here are a few quick references of importance to diabetics because
inflammation and consequently heart and autoimmune disease risk is so
increased.
You can reduce that risk with EPA and DHA or wild fish oil, which
works by replacing the omega-6 oils in your cell walls. Limiting
excess omega-6 consumption is also justified to further reduce
inflammation.
I figured the first summary is good enough to leave in in its
entirety.
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J Membr Biol. 2005 Jul;206(2):103-16. Related Articles, Links
Omega-3 fatty acids and the regulation of expression of endothelial
pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory genes.
De Caterina R, Massaro M.
By partially replacing the corresponding omega-6 analogues in
membrane phospholipids, omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to
decrease the transcriptional activation of genes–e.g., adhesion
molecules, chemoattractants, inflammatory cytokines–involved in
endothelial activation in response to inflammatory and pro-
atherogenic stimuli. This regulation occurs, at least in part,
through a decreased activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB system of
transcription factors, secondary to decreased generation of
intracellular hydrogen peroxide. Such regulation by omega-3 fatty
acids is likely linked to the presence of a higher number of double
bonds in the fatty acid chain in omega-3 compared with omega-6 fatty
acids. By similar mechanisms, omega-3 fatty acids have been recently
shown to reduce gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2, an inflammatory
gene involved, through the activation of some metalloproteinases, in
plaque angiogenesis and plaque rupture. The quenching of gene
expression of pro-inflammatory pro-atherogenic genes by omega-3 fatty
acids has consequences on the extent of leukocyte adhesion to
vascular endothelium, early atherogenesis and later stages of plaque
development and plaque rupture, ultimately yielding a plausible
comprehensive explanation for the vasculoprotective effects of these
nutrients.
Publication Types:
Review
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See also,
Omega-3 fatty acids inhibit an increase of proinflammatory cytokines
in patients with active Crohn’s disease compared with omega-6 fatty
acids.
PMID: 16305726 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
and
Relationship of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids to circulating
inflammatory markers.
"Our findings support the notion that n-3 fatty acids may be
beneficial in patients affected by diseases characterized by active
inflammation."
PMID: 16234304 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
and
Fatty acids, the immune response, and autoimmunity: a question of n-6
essentiality and the balance between n-6 and n-3.
"Diets low in fat, essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD), or high in
long-chain n-3 PUFA from fish oils increase survival and reduce
disease severity in spontaneous autoantibody-mediated disease,
whereas high-fat LA-rich diets increase disease severity."
PMID: 12848277 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
LA-rich means omega-6 oils. As Chilton points out in Inflammation
Nation, ALL are additive throughout the day.
I expect the related articles link on each page would be a nice
assist for further exploration.
Enjoy!